Old decks can become uneven and unsafe over time, posing a tripping hazard and detracting from the beauty of your outdoor space. Restoring a level surface to your deck is essential for both safety and aesthetics. While replacing the entire deck may seem like the only solution, it is often possible to level an older deck without resorting to such extreme measures. With careful planning and the right tools, you can restore your deck to its former glory, ensuring a safe and inviting outdoor oasis.
Before embarking on the leveling process, it is crucial to assess the condition of your deck. Determine the extent of unevenness and identify any underlying causes, such as rotted joists or loose fasteners. If there are significant structural issues, it may be necessary to seek professional assistance. However, if the unevenness is primarily due to settling or shifting, you may be able to level the deck yourself using techniques such as shimming or adjusting joist hangers. The specific methods used will depend on the type of deck construction and the severity of the unevenness.
Once you have assessed the deck and determined the appropriate leveling techniques, it is time to gather the necessary tools and materials. This may include a level, shims, a joist hanger tool, a hammer, and a circular saw. It is also important to wear appropriate safety gear, such as gloves and safety glasses. With careful preparation and the right approach, you can successfully level your older deck, restoring its safety and enhancing the beauty of your outdoor space for years to come.
Inspect the Deck for Damage
Before you can level your deck, you need to inspect it for damage. This will help you determine the extent of the repairs needed and ensure that your deck is safe to use.
Here are some things to look for when inspecting your deck:
Deck Boards
- Loose or warped boards: If the deck boards are loose or warped, they can create a tripping hazard. You can usually fix loose boards by tightening the screws or nails that hold them in place. Warped boards may need to be replaced.
- Rotted or damaged boards: Rotted or damaged boards can pose a safety hazard. If you find any rotted or damaged boards, you will need to replace them.
- Holes or cracks in the boards: Holes or cracks in the boards can allow water to seep into the deck and cause it to rot. You can usually repair small holes or cracks with wood filler. Larger holes or cracks may require you to replace the board.
- Stains or discoloration: Stains or discoloration on the deck boards can be a sign of rot or damage. If you find any stains or discoloration, you should investigate further to determine the cause.
Joists and Beams
- Sagging or bouncy joists: Sagging or bouncy joists can be a sign that the deck is not properly supported. You can usually fix sagging joists by adding additional support beams or piers.
- Rotted or damaged joists: Rotted or damaged joists can pose a safety hazard. If you find any rotted or damaged joists, you will need to replace them.
- Cracks or splits in the joists or beams: Cracks or splits in the joists or beams can weaken the deck and make it unsafe. If you find any cracks or splits, you will need to repair or replace the affected joists or beams.
Posts and Piers
- Loose or wobbly posts: Loose or wobbly posts can make the deck unstable. You can usually tighten loose posts by driving wedges between the post and the footing. If the post is severely loose, you may need to replace it.
- Rotted or damaged posts: Rotted or damaged posts can pose a safety hazard. If you find any rotted or damaged posts, you will need to replace them.
- Cracks or splits in the posts or piers: Cracks or splits in the posts or piers can weaken the deck and make it unsafe. If you find any cracks or splits, you will need to repair or replace the affected posts or piers.
Railings and Stairs
- Loose or wobbly railings: Loose or wobbly railings can pose a safety hazard. You can usually tighten loose railings by tightening the screws or bolts that hold them in place. If the railing is severely loose, you may need to replace it.
- Damaged or missing balusters: Damaged or missing balusters can create a gap in the railing that could allow someone to fall through. You can usually repair damaged balusters by replacing the damaged section or the entire baluster.
- Loose or damaged stair treads: Loose or damaged stair treads can create a tripping hazard. You can usually fix loose stair treads by tightening the screws or nails that hold them in place. Damaged stair treads may need to be replaced.
Inspecting your deck for damage is an important step in leveling your deck. By taking the time to inspect your deck, you can identify and repair any problems that could pose a safety hazard.
Here is a table that summarizes the different types of damage that you should look for when inspecting your deck:
| Deck Component | Type of Damage |
|---|---|
| Deck Boards | Loose or warped boards Rotted or damaged boards Holes or cracks in the boards Stains or discoloration |
| Joists and Beams | Sagging or bouncy joists Rotted or damaged joists Cracks or splits in the joists or beams |
| Posts and Piers | Loose or wobbly posts Rotted or damaged posts Cracks or splits in the posts or piers |
| Railings and Stairs | Loose or wobbly railings Damaged or missing balusters Loose or damaged stair treads |
Adjust Floor Joists and Support Beams
If the floor joists or support beams are sagging, you will need to adjust them to level the deck.
Floor Joists
Floor joists are the beams that run perpendicular to the deck boards and support the weight of the deck. If they are sagging, you can adjust them by adding shims or replacing them with new joists.
To add shims:
1. Start by identifying the joists that are sagging. You can do this by measuring the distance between the joists and the deck boards. The joists that are sagging will have a larger gap between them and the deck boards.
2. Once you have identified the sagging joists, you need to add shims to them. Shims are thin pieces of wood that can be used to level uneven surfaces. You can find shims at most hardware stores.
3. To add shims, simply place them between the joist and the deck board. You may need to use multiple shims to achieve the desired level.
4. Once you have added shims to all of the sagging joists, you can re-measure the distance between the joists and the deck boards. The joists should now be level.
To replace floor joists:
1. If the floor joists are badly damaged or sagging, you may need to replace them. To do this, you will need to remove the deck boards and then cut out the old joists.
2. Once the old joists are removed, you can install the new joists. Make sure to use joists that are the same size and type as the old joists.
3. Once the new joists are installed, you can re-install the deck boards.
Support Beams
Support beams are the beams that run parallel to the deck boards and support the weight of the deck. If they are sagging, you can adjust them by adding shims or replacing them with new beams.
To add shims to support beams:
1. Start by identifying the support beams that are sagging. You can do this by measuring the distance between the beams and the deck boards. The beams that are sagging will have a larger gap between them and the deck boards.
2. Once you have identified the sagging beams, you need to add shims to them. Shims are thin pieces of wood that can be used to level uneven surfaces. You can find shims at most hardware stores.
3. To add shims, simply place them between the beam and the deck board. You may need to use multiple shims to achieve the desired level.
4. Once you have added shims to all of the sagging beams, you can re-measure the distance between the joists and the deck boards. The beams should now be level.
To replace support beams:
1. If the support beams are badly damaged or sagging, you may need to replace them. To do this, you will need to remove the deck boards and then cut out the old beams.
2. Once the old beams are removed, you can install the new beams. Make sure to use beams that are the same size and type as the old beams.
3. Once the new beams are installed, you can re-install the deck boards.
Reinforce Loose or Broken Joists
Identify Loose Joists
Inspect the joists underneath the deck boards to locate any loose ones. Loose joists will have noticeable movement when stepped on or pushed against. Mark these joists with chalk or a marker for easier identification.
Determine the Cause
Assess the cause of the loose joists. Check for signs of rot, insect damage, or improper nailing. Determine whether the joists are simply loose due to wear and tear or if there is a more serious underlying issue.
Strengthen Loose Joists with Lag Bolts
Drill pilot holes slightly smaller than the diameter of the lag bolts into the loose joists and the supporting beam. Insert lag bolts into the pilot holes and tighten them securely using a wrench or impact driver. Use multiple lag bolts along the length of the joist for maximum stability.
Repair Broken Joists
Jack Up the Deck
Position a hydraulic jack directly under the broken joist and carefully lift the deck slightly to create a gap for working.
Remove the Broken Joist
Using a reciprocating saw or pry bar, carefully remove the broken section of the joist. Cut the joist straight across the ends to ensure a clean fit for the new section.
Install a New Joist
Slide the new joist into the gap and secure it to the existing joists on both sides using galvanized joist hangers. Drive nails or screws through the joist hangers to ensure a strong connection.
Lower the Deck
Slowly lower the jack to bring the deck back to its original position. Ensure the new joist is level with the adjacent joists and secure it with additional lag bolts if necessary.
Additional Tips
For larger, heavier decks or those experiencing significant movement, consider adding additional support such as:
| Support Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Sister Joists | Additional joists installed alongside existing ones to provide extra support. |
| Steel Beam | A horizontal steel beam installed beneath the deck to transfer load and reduce deflection. |
| Cross-Bracing | Diagonal members installed between joists to increase stability and prevent swaying. |
Level the Deck Surface Using Shimmy Blocks
1. Gather Necessary Tools and Materials
- Measuring tape
- Level
- Shovel
- Shimmy blocks
- Screws or nails
- Drill or hammer
2. Measure and Mark Uneven Areas
- Locate the low spots on the deck surface using a level.
- Mark these areas with chalk or a marker.
3. Excavate Underneath Uneven Areas
- Dig a small hole underneath each marked area, deep enough to fit a shimmy block.
- Ensure the hole is slightly wider than the shimmy block to allow for adjustment.
4. Set the Shimmy Blocks
- Place a shimmy block into each hole.
- Use a level to check the height of the block and adjust accordingly by adding or removing soil.
5. Secure the Shimmy Blocks
- Secure the shimmy blocks in place using screws or nails.
- Drive the screws or nails through the block into the joists underneath the deck.
6. Fill the Holes
- Backfill the holes around the shimmy blocks with the excavated soil or gravel.
- Compact the fill to ensure stability.
7. Level the Surface
- Once the shimmy blocks are secured, use a level to check the deck surface again.
- If any areas are still uneven, repeat the process until the entire surface is level.
8. Optional: Use a Deck Leveling System
- A deck leveling system is an alternative method for leveling a deck surface using adjustable pedestals instead of shimmy blocks.
- This system allows for greater precision and ease of adjustment, especially for decks with complex contours or where multiple levels are desired.
Advantages of Deck Leveling Systems:
| Feature | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Precision adjustment | Allows for precise leveling of each individual deck board |
| Slope correction | Can be used to create sloped or stepped surfaces |
| Drainage and ventilation | Pedestals provide drainage and prevent moisture buildup underneath the deck |
| Durability | Made of corrosion-resistant materials for long-lasting performance |
9. Leveling Decking Boards
- Once the deck surface is level, install the decking boards.
- Use a level to ensure that each board is level before securing it in place.
10. Check and Adjust
- After installing all the decking boards, check the entire surface again for levelness.
- If any areas require additional adjustment, make the necessary modifications to the shimmy blocks or leveling system.
Preventing Future Leveling Issues
Once your deck is level again, it’s important to take steps to prevent future issues from occurring. Here are a few tips:
1. Install Joist Hangers Properly
Joist hangers are metal brackets that connect the joists to the beams. If they are not installed properly, they can cause the deck to sag or become uneven over time. Make sure that the joist hangers are the correct size for the joists and that they are installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
2. Use High-Quality Lumber
The type of lumber you use for your deck will also affect its longevity. Choose high-quality lumber that is resistant to rot and decay. Pressure-treated lumber is a good option for decks, as it is treated with chemicals that protect it from moisture and insects.
3. Seal the Deck Regularly
Sealing the deck regularly will help to protect it from the elements and prevent moisture from getting into the wood. This will help to keep the deck looking good and lasting longer. Choose a sealer that is specifically designed for decks and apply it according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
4. Inspect the Deck Regularly
Regularly inspect your deck for signs of damage or wear. This will help you to catch problems early on and fix them before they become major issues. Look for loose screws, nails, or joists, as well as any cracks or splits in the wood. If you find any damage, repair it promptly.
5. Clean the Deck Regularly
Cleaning the deck regularly will help to remove dirt, debris, and mildew that can build up over time. This will help to keep the deck looking its best and prevent it from becoming slippery. Use a mild cleaner and a soft brush to clean the deck.
6. Avoid Overloading the Deck
Overloading the deck can put stress on the joists and beams, which can cause it to sag or become uneven. Avoid placing too much weight on the deck, and distribute the weight evenly over the entire surface.
7. Fix Leaks Promptly
If you have a leak in your roof or gutters, it can cause water to seep into the deck and damage the wood. Fix any leaks promptly to prevent this from happening.
8. Use a Waterproofing Membrane
A waterproofing membrane can be installed under the deck to help prevent moisture from getting into the wood. This will help to keep the deck dry and prevent it from rotting or decaying.
9. Grade the Soil Around the Deck Properly
The soil around the deck should be graded away from the house to prevent water from pooling around the base of the deck. This will help to keep the deck dry and prevent it from rotting.
10. Use a Deck Leveling System
A deck leveling system can be installed under the deck to help keep it level over time. This system uses adjustable pedestals that can be raised or lowered to level the deck. Deck leveling systems are typically used on decks that are built on uneven ground or on decks that have settled over time.
By following these tips, you can help to prevent future leveling issues and keep your deck looking its best for years to come.
Additional Tips for Preventing Future Leveling Issues
In addition to the tips listed above, here are a few more things you can do to help prevent future leveling issues:
- Use a level when installing the joists and beams.
- Use shims to level the joists and beams if necessary.
- Make sure that the deck is properly attached to the house.
- Use a sealant to protect the deck from the elements.
- Inspect the deck regularly and make repairs as needed.
Table of Deck Leveling Products
| Product | Description | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Deck Leveling System | A system of adjustable pedestals that can be used to level a deck. | $10-$20 per pedestal |
| Deck Joist Hangers | Metal brackets that connect the joists to the beams. | $1-$2 per hanger |
| Deck Sealer | A coating that is applied to the deck to protect it from the elements. | $20-$40 per gallon |
Optimal Slope for Water Drainage
Ensuring proper drainage is crucial to prevent water buildup and deterioration on your deck. Here’s how to determine the optimal slope for water runoff:
Rule of Thumb: Aim for a slope of 1/8 inch to 1/4 inch per foot.
Measurement: Place a level or straight edge along the deck planks and measure the distance between the top and bottom ends. Divide this distance by the length of the deck to determine the slope in inches per foot.
Adjustments: If the slope is insufficient, you can add shims or adjustable deck piers under the joists to raise the deck. If the slope is excessive, you may need to remove some of the existing supports.
Note: Slope is essential for water drainage, but excessive sloping can create tripping hazards. Ensure the slope is gradual and meets building codes in your area.
Example Table:
| Deck Length (feet) | Optimal Slope (inches) |
|---|---|
| 10 | 1.25 – 2.5 |
| 15 | 1.875 – 3.75 |
| 20 | 2.5 – 5 |
Choosing the Right Decking Material
The type of decking material you choose will have a significant impact on the overall look, feel, and lifespan of your deck. Here are some factors to consider when selecting a decking material:
Durability
Decking materials vary in their durability, so it is important to choose one that can withstand the elements in your area. Some materials, such as composite decking, are more resistant to rot, insects, and moisture than others, such as wood.
Appearance
The appearance of your decking material is also an important consideration. Some materials, such as pressure-treated wood, have a more natural look, while others, such as composite decking, come in a variety of colors and textures.
Maintenance
The amount of maintenance required for your decking material will vary depending on the material you choose. Some materials, such as composite decking, require very little maintenance, while others, such as wood, require regular cleaning and sealing.
Cost
The cost of decking materials varies depending on the type of material you choose. Some materials, such as pressure-treated wood, are relatively inexpensive, while others, such as composite decking, can be more expensive.
Here is a table comparing the different decking materials available:
| Material | Durability | Appearance | Maintenance | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wood | Moderate | Natural | Regular cleaning and sealing | Inexpensive |
| Pressure-treated wood | Good | Natural | Regular cleaning and sealing | Moderate |
| Composite decking | Excellent | Variety of colors and textures | Very little maintenance | Expensive |
| Vinyl decking | Good | Variety of colors and textures | Regular cleaning | Moderate |
| Aluminum decking | Excellent | Modern | Very little maintenance | Expensive |
1. Inspect the Deck Regularly
Start by thoroughly inspecting the deck to identify any areas that need attention. Look for loose or rotting boards, warped joists, or uneven surfaces. Check for any signs of water damage or insect infestation as well.
2. Tighten Loose Screws and Bolts
Over time, screws and bolts can become loose, leading to uneven surfaces. Tighten any loose fasteners using the appropriate tools. This will help to restore the deck’s stability and levelness.
3. Replace Damaged Boards
If any deck boards are damaged, rotted, or warped, they should be replaced immediately. Replace the damaged boards with new ones of the same size and type to maintain the deck’s structural integrity and levelness.
4. Level Warped Joists
Warped joists can cause the deck surface to become uneven. To level them, use a jack and a 4×4 block. Place the jack beneath the joist and raise it until the joist is level. Secure the joist in place using shims or blocking.
5. Re-slope the Deck
If the deck is sloped unevenly, it can lead to water pooling and other problems. To re-slope the deck, adjust the joists and deck boards to create a uniform slope.
6. Install Drainage System
A proper drainage system is crucial for preventing water damage and keeping the deck level. Install gutters, downspouts, or other drainage features to redirect water away from the deck.
7. Seal the Deck Regularly
Sealing the deck helps protect it from moisture and UV damage, which can contribute to warping and uneven surfaces. Apply a sealant to the deck every few years to extend its lifespan and maintain its levelness.
8. Keep the Deck Clean
Regular cleaning helps remove dirt, debris, and other materials that can accumulate on the deck and contribute to unevenness. Sweep or power wash the deck periodically to keep it clean and maintain its level surface.
9. Use Furniture to Level the Deck
If minor unevenness occurs, you can use furniture to compensate and level the deck surface. Place furniture strategically to distribute weight and create a level surface for walking and sitting.
10. Consider Professional Inspection and Repairs
For major issues or if you lack the necessary skills or experience, consider hiring a professional deck builder. They can assess the deck’s condition, identify underlying problems, and perform necessary repairs to restore its levelness.
11. Inspect Balusters and Railings
Balusters and railings should be checked regularly as well. Ensure that they are securely attached and free from damage. Loose or damaged balusters and railings can compromise the deck’s safety and stability.
12. Check for Rotting Wood
Rotting wood is a major issue that can affect the structural integrity of the deck. Examine the deck joists, support posts, and other wooden components for signs of rot. Replace any rotten wood promptly to prevent further damage.
13. Power Wash the Deck
Power washing the deck can help remove dirt, mold, and mildew that can contribute to uneven surfaces. It’s a good idea to power wash the deck once or twice a year to maintain its appearance and levelness.
14. Repair Flashing
Flashing is used to seal the gaps between the deck and the house or other structures. If the flashing is damaged or missing, it can allow water to penetrate the deck and cause damage to the underlying structure.
15. Replace Nails with Screws
Over time, nails can become loose and allow the deck boards to shift. Replacing the nails with screws will help to secure the boards and maintain the deck’s levelness.
16. Inspect Post Anchors
Post anchors secure the deck posts to the ground. If the anchors are damaged or loose, the posts can shift and the deck can become uneven. Check the anchors regularly and tighten them if necessary.
17. Use Leveling Blocks
If the deck is slightly uneven, you can use leveling blocks to raise or lower the joists. Leveling blocks are available in different sizes and can be stacked to achieve the desired height.
18. Grout Between Deck Boards
If the gaps between the deck boards are too large, they can allow water to penetrate the deck and cause damage. Grouting the gaps can prevent water infiltration and help to keep the deck level.
19. Install Deck Tiles
Deck tiles are an easy way to cover and level an uneven deck surface. They are available in a variety of materials and styles, so you can choose tiles that match the look of your deck.
20. Resurface the Deck
If the deck is severely damaged or uneven, you may need to resurface the entire deck. Resurfacing involves removing the old deck boards and installing new ones. This is a major project, but it can restore the deck to its original condition.
21. Replace Joists
If the deck joists are damaged or rotted, they will need to be replaced. This is a major structural repair that should be performed by a professional.
22. Level the Ground Beneath the Deck
If the ground beneath the deck is uneven, it can cause the deck to become uneven as well. Leveling the ground can be done by adding soil or gravel to low spots and removing excess soil from high spots.
23. Create a Slope for Drainage
If the deck is located in an area that receives a lot of rain, it is important to create a slope for drainage. This will help to prevent water from pooling on the deck and causing damage.
24. Protect the Deck from the Elements
Exposure to the elements can cause the deck to become damaged and uneven. Protecting the deck from the elements can be done by applying a sealant or stain, and by providing shade with a roof or awning.
25. Inspect the Deck Regularly
The best way to prevent major deck repairs is to inspect the deck regularly and make small repairs as needed. This will help to keep the deck in good condition and prevent it from becoming uneven.
26. Deck Maintenance Schedule
To keep your deck in top condition and maintain its levelness, it is important to follow a regular maintenance schedule. Here is a suggested schedule:
| Task | Frequency |
|---|---|
| Inspect the deck | Monthly |
| Clean the deck | Quarterly |
| Power wash the deck | Annually |
| Seal the deck | Every 2-3 years |
| Inspect the deck joists | Every 3-5 years |
| Level the ground beneath the deck | As needed |
Identifying Signs of Deck Instability
1. Uneven Surface
One of the most noticeable signs of deck instability is an uneven surface. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Settling of the foundation
- Rotting or damaged joists
- Loose or missing fasteners
2. Squeaky or Creaking Noises
If your deck is squeaking or creaking when you walk on it, it could be a sign that the fasteners are loose or that the wood is splitting. This can lead to further damage if left unaddressed.
3. Sagging or Sinking
If your deck is sagging or sinking, it is a major sign that it is not stable. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Overloading the deck
- Weak or damaged beams
- Improper installation
4. Loose or Missing Handrails
Loose or missing handrails are a safety hazard and can also indicate that the deck is not stable. This can be caused by:
- Rotting or damaged wood
- Loose or missing fasteners
- Improper installation
5. Visible Rot or Damage
If you can see any visible rot or damage to the wood on your deck, it is a sign that it is not stable. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Exposure to moisture
- Insect infestation
- Improper maintenance
6. Gaps Between Boards
Gaps between the boards on your deck can indicate that the wood is shrinking or that the fasteners are loose. This can lead to further damage if left unaddressed.
7. Mold or Mildew Growth
Mold or mildew growth on your deck is a sign that it is not getting enough ventilation. This can lead to rot and other damage if left unaddressed.
8. Mushrooms or Other Fungi
Mushrooms or other fungi growing on your deck are a sign that the wood is rotting. This can lead to further damage if left unaddressed.
9. Buckling or Warping
Buckling or warping of the boards on your deck can indicate that the wood is absorbing too much moisture. This can lead to further damage if left unaddressed.
10. Slope or Tilt
If your deck is sloping or tilting, it is a sign that the foundation is not stable. This can lead to further damage if left unaddressed.
11. Water Damage
Water damage is one of the most common causes of deck instability. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Leaking pipes or faucets
- Rainwater runoff
- Snowmelt
12. Insect Infestation
Insect infestation can also lead to deck instability. This is because insects can weaken the wood and damage the structure of the deck. Some of the most common insects that can infest decks include:
- Termites
- Carpenter ants
- Powderpost beetles
Tips for DIY Deck Leveling
1. Inspect the Deck for Damage
Thoroughly examine the deck for any signs of rot, warping, or loose joists. If significant damage is present, it may be necessary to replace the affected sections before leveling.
2. Gather the Necessary Tools
You will need:
– Level
– Tape measure
– Adjustable wrench
– Crowbar or pry bar
– Shims
– Lag bolts
– Impact driver or drill
– Safety glasses
3. Determine the Low Spots
Place the level on the deck in various locations to identify the low spots. Mark these areas with chalk or flags.
4. Remove the Deck Boards
Using a crowbar or pry bar, carefully remove the deck boards covering the low spots.
5. Check the Joists
Inspect the joists beneath the low spots. If they are sagging or damaged, you may need to reinforce or replace them.
6. Install Shims
Insert shims between the joists and decking in the low spots. Use enough shims to level the deck. Ensure the shims are securely fastened with nails or screws.
7. Replace the Deck Boards
Reinstall the deck boards removed in step 4, making sure they are flush with the adjacent boards. Secure them with screws or nails.
8. Check the Level Again
Place the level on the leveled sections to verify that they are level. If necessary, make further adjustments to the shims or joists.
9. Secure the Joists
Once the deck is level, secure the joists by tightening the lag bolts or screws connecting them to the beams.
10. Inspect the Rails and Posts
Examine the railings and support posts to ensure they are plumb and secure. Tighten any loose bolts or screws as needed.
Advanced Leveling Techniques
11. Using a Self-Leveling Compound
For decks with severe slopes or uneven surfaces, a self-leveling compound can be used to create a smooth, level base for new decking.
12. Adjusting the Foundation
If the underlying foundation is unstable or settled, it may be necessary to adjust or reinforce the beams or footings to level the deck. This task requires specialized skills and equipment.
13. Repitching the Deck
In some cases, it may be necessary to re-pitch the entire deck to create a more even slope. This involves adjusting the height of the beams and footings.
14. Installing Adjustable Pedestals
Adjustable pedestals can be used to support the deck above an uneven surface, allowing for precise leveling and drainage.
15. Using a Deck Leveling System
Pre-fabricated deck leveling systems are available that provide a simple and efficient way to level a deck. These systems typically use adjustable brackets and shims to create a level surface.
Cautions and Safety Considerations
16. Wear Safety Gear
Always wear safety glasses and appropriate clothing when working on a deck.
17. Use Proper Techniques
Follow proper techniques for lifting and moving heavy materials to avoid injury.
18. Inspect for Rot and Damage
Thoroughly inspect the deck before leveling to prevent accidents caused by unstable or damaged components.
19. Check for Utility Lines
Verify that there are no electrical wires or other utilities in the work area before digging or drilling.
20. Securely Attach Deck Boards
Ensure that the deck boards are securely attached to the joists to prevent tripping hazards.
21. Maintain the Deck Regularly
Regularly inspect the deck for signs of wear or damage, and make necessary repairs promptly.
Troubleshooting
22. Deck is Still Sloping
Check the shims and joists to ensure they are securely installed and level. If necessary, add more shims or reinforce the joists.
23. Railings are Not Plumb
Adjust the support post brackets or shims to make the railings plumb.
24. Deck Boards are Uneven
Remove the deck boards and check the joists for unevenness. Adjust the joists or add shims as needed to create a level surface.
25. Deck Moves When Walked On
Check the joists, beams, and footings for looseness or damage. Secure any loose components and reinforce or replace damaged ones as necessary.
26. Deck is Squeaky
Locate the source of the squeak and apply a lubricant, such as WD-40, to the affected area. If the squeak persists, check for loose nails or screws and tighten them.
27. Deck is Rotting
Repair or replace any rotted deck boards, joists, or beams promptly. Inspect the deck regularly for signs of moisture or rot, especially after heavy rain or snowfall.
28. Deck is Buckling
Remove the affected boards and inspect the underlying joists for damage. If the joists are buckled, they may need to be replaced.
29. Deck is Settling
Check the footings and beams for signs of sinking or damage. Reinforce or replace the affected components as necessary.
Professional Help
30. When to Seek Professional Help
If you encounter any of the following issues, it is recommended to seek professional help:
– Severe structural damage
– Unstable footings or beams
– Difficulty leveling the deck
– Safety concerns
31. Finding a Qualified Professional
When hiring a professional for deck leveling, consider the following:
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Experience | Hire a contractor with experience in deck leveling and repair. |
| Certifications | Look for contractors with certifications from reputable organizations. |
| Insurance | Verify that the contractor has adequate liability insurance. |
| References | Ask for references from previous clients to assess their satisfaction. |
| Warranty | Inquire about any warranties offered on the work performed. |
Gathering the Necessary Tools and Materials
Before beginning the leveling process, it’s crucial to gather the necessary tools and materials to ensure a successful outcome. Here’s a comprehensive list of everything you’ll need:
Tools:
- Spirit level (4-foot minimum)
- Claw hammer
- Pry bar
- Ratchet or drill with appropriate drill bits
- Measuring tape
- Circular saw or reciprocating saw
- Safety glasses
- Work gloves
- Ladder
- Shim materials (e.g., pressure-treated wood, plastic shims)
Materials:
| Item | Quantity (Approximate) |
|---|---|
| Pressure-treated lumber (2x4s or 2x6s) for framing | Varies depending on the size and condition of the deck |
| Deck screws (2-inch and 3-inch) | 250-500 (depending on the number of joists) |
| Galvanized joist hangers | 10-20 (depending on the number of joists) |
| Concrete piers | 4-8 |
| Gravel (for filling piers) | 2-4 bags |
| Waterproof sealant | Caulk gun and cartridge |
| Pros of Composite Decking | Cons of Composite Decking |
|---|---|
| Low maintenance | More expensive than wood |
| Durable | Can be slippery when wet |
| Resistant to rot and decay | Requires special tools to install |
| Safe for pets and children | Can expand and contract with changes in temperature and humidity |
Permits and Inspections for Deck Leveling
When it comes to leveling an older deck, understanding permit and inspection requirements is crucial. Failing to adhere to these regulations can result in legal repercussions and safety hazards. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate the permit and inspection process.
Major Considerations
The need for a permit and inspection depends on several factors:
- Strength of the deck: A deck that is structurally sound and requires minimal leveling may not need a permit. However, if major repairs or modifications are necessary, a permit is typically required.
- Local building codes: Building codes vary by location, so it’s essential to check with your local building department for specific requirements. Some municipalities require permits for projects that alter the structural integrity of a deck, while others may only require them if the deck is elevated or attached to the house.
- HOA regulations: Homeowners’ associations often have restrictions on deck modifications and additions. Contact your HOA to determine if a permit is required.
Permit Application Process
If a permit is necessary, you must apply to your local building department. Typically, the process involves:
- Submitting a permit application form
- Providing plans and specifications for the leveling project
- Paying a permit fee
The approval process can take several weeks or even months, especially during peak construction season. It’s important to apply for the permit well in advance to avoid delays.
Inspection Requirements
Once the permit is approved, the project must pass inspections at various stages of completion:
- Pre-construction inspection: Ensures that the deck is structurally sound and ready for leveling.
- Post-leveling inspection: Verifies that the leveling was performed correctly and that the deck is level and stable.
- Final inspection: Confirms that all work is complete and meets code requirements.
The inspector will examine the deck for the following:
- Structural integrity
- Levelness
- Compliance with building codes
Consequences of Non-Compliance
Failing to obtain the proper permits or pass inspections can lead to serious consequences, including:
- Fines and penalties
- Suspension or revocation of building permits
- Unsafe conditions
- Insurance denial
- Difficulty selling your home
Additional Information
Here are some additional points to consider:
- You may need a separate permit for electrical or plumbing work related to the deck leveling.
- It’s recommended to hire a licensed contractor to perform the deck leveling to ensure it is done safely and correctly.
- Keep all permit and inspection records as proof of compliance.
TABLE: Common Permit Types for Deck Leveling
| Permit Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Building Permit | Required for major structural modifications, such as replacing joists or posts |
| Electrical Permit | Needed for electrical work, such as installing lighting or ceiling fans |
| Plumbing Permit | Necessary for plumbing alterations, such as adding a sink or faucet |
Hiring a Licensed Contractor for Major Repairs
If the deck is significantly damaged or needs major repairs, it’s advisable to hire a licensed contractor. A qualified contractor will have the experience and expertise to assess the damage, determine the best course of action, and ensure the repairs are done safely and correctly.
- Benefits of Hiring a Licensed Contractor:
- Experience and Expertise: Licensed contractors possess specialized knowledge and skills in deck repair.
- Quality Assurance: They follow industry standards and building codes to ensure top-notch workmanship.
- Liability Protection: They carry liability insurance, protecting homeowners from financial responsibility in case of accidents or injuries.
- Warranty: Many contractors offer warranties on their work, giving homeowners peace of mind.
- Factors to Consider When Hiring a Contractor:
- Licensing and Insurance Verification: Ensure the contractor has a valid license and adequate insurance coverage.
- References and Reviews: Ask for references from previous clients and read online reviews to gauge their reputation.
- Experience and Expertise: Inquire about their experience in deck repairs and their familiarity with the type of deck you have.
- Cost and Payment Terms: Get a detailed estimate and discuss payment terms clearly to avoid misunderstandings.
- Communication and Responsiveness: Choose a contractor who is easily accessible and responsive to your queries.
48. Contractor Supervision and Inspection
Throughout the repair process, it’s crucial to supervise the contractor’s work and conduct thorough inspections at key stages:
Inspection Stages:
| Stage | Inspection Focus |
|---|---|
| Pre-Construction Inspection: | Verify site preparation, materials, and safety measures. |
| Foundation Inspection: | Assess the condition of the foundation and joists to ensure stability. |
| Framing Inspection: | Check the accuracy and strength of the framing system. |
| Decking and Railing Installation Inspection: | Inspect the integrity of the decking material and the safety of the railings. |
| Final Inspection: | Conduct a comprehensive review of the completed repairs, ensuring compliance with building codes and homeowner satisfaction. |
Contractor Supervision:
- Site Visits: Regularly visit the deck during the repair process to observe progress and address any concerns.
- Communication: Maintain open communication with the contractor, asking questions and expressing any observations.
- Change Orders: If unexpected issues arise, discuss and approve any necessary changes with the contractor to avoid delays or disputes.
By actively supervising the contractor and conducting thorough inspections, homeowners can ensure the quality and safety of the deck repairs, protecting their investment and enhancing the enjoyment of their outdoor living space.
Inspecting Deck Regularly for Safety
1. Monthly Visual Inspections
Conduct thorough visual inspections of your deck monthly, especially after severe weather events. Look for:
- Loose or warped boards
- Rotting or decaying wood
- Damaged or missing railings
- Rust or corrosion on hardware
- Cracked or split beams
2. Annual Inspections by a Professional
Schedule an annual inspection by a qualified deck contractor or structural engineer. They can:
- Identify hidden damage or structural issues
- Assess the condition of load-bearing components
- Recommend repairs or replacements as needed
- Provide a detailed inspection report for your records
3. Seasonal Inspections
In addition to monthly and annual inspections, consider seasonal inspections during spring and fall.
- Spring: Check for damage caused by winter weather, such as ice expansion or freeze-thaw cycles.
- Fall: Inspect for wear and tear before the cooler months, when decks are often used less frequently.
4. Specific Areas to Inspect
Pay particular attention to the following critical areas during inspections:
| Area | Inspection Points |
|---|---|
| Joists and Beams | Look for sagging, rot, cracks, or splits. |
| Decking Boards | Check for loose, warped, or rotting boards. Replace or repair as needed. |
| Railings | Ensure railings are secure and meet building code requirements. Check for loose or missing balusters or handrails. |
| Foundation Supports | Inspect posts, footings, and piers for damage, settling, or instability. |
| Hardware | Check for loose or damaged nails, screws, bolts, or brackets. Replace as needed. |
| Flashing | Ensure flashing around posts, railings, and other areas is intact and prevents water infiltration. |
5. Safety Precautions
Always prioritize safety during deck inspections:
- Wear appropriate safety gear, such as gloves, safety glasses, and a ladder when necessary.
- Never stand or walk on damaged or unstable areas of the deck.
- Use a flashlight to inspect hidden areas or under the deck.
- If you identify any significant damage or structural issues, restrict access to the deck and contact a professional immediately.
6. Maintaining Inspection Records
Keep a record of all deck inspections, including dates, findings, and any repairs or replacements made. This documentation will help you track the condition of your deck over time and make informed decisions about future maintenance.
Evaluating the Condition of the Deck
Inspecting the deck for any structural concerns, loose boards or railings, and failing flashing around support posts is essential. Look for cracks, splits, and rotting wood that could compromise the safety of the deck. If you spot any areas of concern, it’s best to consult a professional deck builder or contractor to assess the severity and determine appropriate repairs or replacements.
Loose or Warped Boards
Loose or warped boards are not only a tripping hazard but can also cause splinters or puncture wounds. Tighten any loose screws or bolts securing the boards to the joists. If the boards are warped or damaged, they should be replaced for a level and stable surface.
Damaged or Missing Railings
Railings provide essential fall protection, especially for children and the elderly. Ensure all railings are securely attached and free from any damage or deterioration. Repair or replace any missing or damaged balusters or handrails promptly to maintain the integrity of the safety barriers.
Inadequate Flashing
Proper flashing around support posts prevents moisture penetration, which can lead to rot and structural damage. Inspect the flashing around the posts and replace any torn or damaged sections to ensure a water-tight seal.
Addressing Drainage Issues
Proper drainage is crucial to prevent water accumulation on the deck surface. Inspect the deck for any clogged or blocked gutters or downspouts. Clear any debris and ensure the downspouts extend away from the deck’s perimeter to divert water runoff effectively.
Using Leveling Shims
Leveling shims are thin, wedge-shaped spacers that can be placed between the joists and the decking boards to level the surface. They come in various thicknesses and are easily adjusted to achieve the desired level.
Installing Deck Levelers
Deck levelers are adjustable supports that can be installed under the joists to raise or lower the deck. They provide a more precise and stable leveling solution compared to shims.
Repacking Footings
Over time, the soil beneath deck footings can settle or compress, causing the footings to sink and the deck to become unlevel. Repacking the footings involves removing the soil around the footing, adding new compacted gravel, and re-leveling the footing.
Tightening Joist Hangers
Loose or improperly tightened joist hangers can contribute to the instability of the deck. Inspect all joist hangers and ensure they are securely fastened to the joists and beams. Tighten any loose bolts or screws to maintain the structural integrity of the deck.
Replacing Rotten or Damaged Joists
Severely rotten or damaged joists can compromise the structural stability of the deck. If any joists show signs of significant decay or damage, they must be replaced to ensure the safety and longevity of the deck.
How to Level an Older Deck
Over time, decks can become uneven due to settling or other factors. This can not only be unsightly, but it can also create tripping hazards. If your deck is starting to look uneven, there are a few things you can do to level it.
Step 1: Inspect the Deck
The first step is to inspect the deck to see what is causing the unevenness. Look for any loose boards, nails, or screws. You should also check the joists and beams to see if they are sagging.
Step 2: Level the Joists
If the joists are sagging, you will need to level them before you can level the deck. To do this, you can use a level and a shimming tool to insert thin wedges of wood or plastic between the joists and the deck.
Step 3: Level the Boards
Once the joists are level, you can start leveling the boards. To do this, you can use a level and a nail gun to secure the boards to the joists. Be sure to use galvanized nails to prevent rust.
Step 4: Check the Deck Again
Once you have leveled the boards, check the deck again to make sure that it is level. If there are any areas that are still uneven, you can adjust the shims or nails accordingly.
People Also Ask
How often should you level a deck?
The frequency with which you need to level a deck will depend on the age of the deck, the type of wood used, and the climate in which you live. In general, you should inspect your deck at least once a year and level it as needed.
What are some signs that a deck needs to be leveled?
Some signs that a deck needs to be leveled include:
- Uneven boards
- Sagging joists
- Loose nails or screws
- Tripping hazards
Can I level a deck myself?
Yes, you can level a deck yourself if you have some basic carpentry skills and tools. However, if you are not comfortable doing it yourself, you can hire a professional to do it for you.
